CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) is the most critical subsystem of a Quality Management System (QMS). It is the mechanism used to investigate, solve, and prevent the recurrence of quality issues.
Implementing CAPA is not just about fixing a mistake; it is about finding the systemic reason why the mistake happened and making sure it can never happen again.
In the eyes of regulators (FDA, CDSCO, EMA), a missing or weak CAPA system is a major “red flag.”
Many companies view CAPA as a cost, but it is actually a major money-saver in the long run:
CAPA transforms the “blame culture” into a “quality culture.”
A Management Review is a high-level, formal evaluation of the Quality Management System (QMS) conducted by Senior Management.
It is a legal requirement under Schedule M (Drugs) and ISO 13485 / Medical Device Rules 2017 (Devices). Regulatory auditors view the Management Review as proof that the company’s leadership is actively “in control” of quality and not just leaving it to the QA department.
The goal is to ensure the QMS remains S.A.E.:
Post-Certification Maintenance refers to the continuous activities required to keep your licenses and certifications (like ISO 13485 or CDSCO Manufacturing/Import licenses) valid after they have been initially granted.
Many companies mistakenly view certification as a “finish line.” In reality, the regulator views it as the “starting line” of a perpetual compliance cycle.
Under the Medical Device Rules (2017) in India, licenses for manufacturing (MD-5/9) or importing (MD-15) are now perpetual, provided you maintain them.
This is the most critical part of maintenance. You must prove the product remains safe while being used by the public.
If you hold an ISO 13485 certification, post-certification maintenance involves:
Any change in your business must be maintained in your regulatory file: | Type of Change | Action Required | | :— | :— | | Minor Change | (e.g., Change in label font, non-critical component). Report to CDSCO within 30 days. | | Major Change | (e.g., Change in material, design, or manufacturing site). Requires prior approval before the change is implemented. |
The most common reasons companies lose their certification after the first year are:
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